DKK1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: We evaluated the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the serum DKK-1, AFP, and PIVKA-II levels in 391 patients with HCC and in 205 patients with CLD and determined the optimal cutoff values for the diagnosis of HCC to be 262.2 pg/mL, 24.5 ng/mL, and 43.5 mAU/mL, respectively (Figure 2B).