When human gastric organoids generated from both the antrum and fundus were microinjected with the H. pylori G27 strain, they were found to develop dysplasia as determined by the over-expression of SPEM markers such as Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) and Griffonia simplicifolia II GSII (lectin binding GlcNac mucin residues), as well as the gastric cancer stem cell marker CD44v9. This evidence concerns the gene TFF2 and gastric cancer.