Indeed, in a preliminary analysis of a limited sample of elderly men of Caucasian ancestry, we first demonstrated that infection by HP CagA-positive strains was associated with increased cytokine levels and bone resorption markers, and was more prevalent in osteoporotic than non-osteoporotic subjects (OR = 2.13, 95% CIs, 1.02–4.44) [119]. Here, S100A8 is linked to infection.