The pharmacological management of IBD includes aminosalicylates, glucocorticoids, and immune-modulators, as well as targeted biologic therapies that act through the neutralization of cytokines that promote inflammation (e.g., anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies) or regulate the differentiation and function of specialized immune subsets (e.g., anti-IL-12 and anti-IL-23 antibodies), or induce the blockage of signal transduction cascades (e.g., Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors), or the modulation of lymphocyte trafficking (e.g., anti-α4β7 integrin antibodies) [16]. Here, TNF is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.