INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insulin resistance affects the way insulin works in target tissues and cells, leading to the well-known phenomenon of hyperglycemia, a condition in which too much glucose circulates in the blood plasma and characterizes T2DM [9] T2DM has also been associated with an increased risk of dementia [10,11] and of AD by 45–90% [12,13] as well as an increased risk of AD in patients with T2DM [14].