GSK3B and myocardial infarction: Studies have shown that activation of ALDH2 can reduce expression of collagen types I and III (COL1, COL3) as well as α-SMA in rat hearts and reduce levels of β-catenin, phosphor–glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β), and wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family member 1 (Wnt-1), indicating that ALDH2 protects against myocardial infarction (MI)-related cardiac fibrosis by downregulating the Wnt/catenin signaling pathway [129].