NR1H4 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: There are some similarities in the gut microbiota composition in patients with NAFLD and ALD, such as dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth, altered intestinal permeability, Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling, increased primary and secondary bile acids, decreased phosphatidylcholine, increased Enterobacteriaceae and decreased Akkermansia muciniphila [221], and endotoxemia [32,219,222,223].