As illustrated in Table 1, fasting serum insulin levels were increased (p < 0.01) by daily insulin injections, reaching median levels of 1219 and 745 pmol/L in insulin-treated control and PCOS-like monkeys, respectively, during the 6 month insulin treatment phase, compared to a 6 month median of 509 and 364 pmol/L in the diluent treatment phase, respectively, in the same female groups. This evidence concerns the gene INS and polycystic ovary syndrome.