In women with T1D, moreover, signs and symptoms of androgen excess are milder than would be typical for women with PCOS, while circulating sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations are normal, instead of being reduced as in PCOS [58,59], suggesting additional factor(s) separate from hyperinsulinemia as key to PCOS pathogenesis [13,39,60]. The gene discussed is SHBG; the disease is hyperinsulinism.