Several questions remain open: (i) what is the relevance of cross-presentation of mitochondrial antigens, in relation to cellular components exchange between DCs and tumour cells; (ii) how are mitochondrial proteins handled by tumour cells before their processing and loading on MHC molecules; (iii) do mtDNA mutations have a role in specific recognition of cancer cells by T lymphocytes; (iv) which mutated peptides become immunogenic, considering their cellular localization and post-translational modifications; (v) how frequently mitochondrial PTMs generate neoantigens in cancer cells. Here, HLA-C is linked to cancer.