CHMP5 and COVID-19: The SA-binding properties of several species of coronaviruses, including most of the human betacoronaviruses, were subsequently elucidated, as reviewed above, with those properties identified for SARS-CoV-2 through viral binding to an SA-coated nanoarray [94], the hemadsorption assay [35], and spike protein punctae found on 41% of RBCs from COVID-19 patients [36].