VEGFA and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Pancreatic ductal carcinoma is described as an aggressive tumor with invasive tumor growth and early metastasis; therefore, we checked the protein level of VEGF, SDF-1, MMP-9 by cytokine array (Figure 4A,B) and SDF-1, MMP-9 and E-cadherin by Western blot (Figure 4C,D).