CXCL8 mRNA levels were found to be elevated in glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas compared with other gliomas; moderately correlated with macrophage counts, which suggest that either CXCL8 might be produced by activated macrophages or IL-8 production by gliomas might have a significant role in attracting and activating macrophages [194]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is anaplastic astrocytoma.