They showed an increased production of CXCL10, which induced an ERK1/2-dependent increase and DNA synthesis, suggesting that expression of CXCL10/CXCR3 axis have an important role in the proliferation of grade III astrocytoma and grade IV glioblastoma cells [196]. The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).