The Vaccination in Atherosclerosis group developed vaccine formulations based on different apoB peptide and phospholipid antigens, investigated how clinically approved adjuvants could be optimized for binding of apoB peptides, compared different routes of administration in experimental animal models, performed mechanistic studies to more exactly characterize the mode of action, evaluated candidate biomarkers to monitor the effect of vaccination in ex vivo lymphoid models, and studied the association of these biomarkers with the risk of cardiovascular events in prospective population cohorts. This evidence concerns the gene APOB and atherosclerosis.