Consistent with stress-mediated TPP1 degradation, thereby telomere shortening and pulmonary fibrosis, we found that under-expression of TPP1 is sufficient to induce pulmonary senescence and fibrosis, indicating that TPP1 polyubiquitination at multiple sites triggered by stress incurs telomere uncapping, DDR and shortening, resulting in pulmonary senescence and fibrosis [35]. This evidence concerns the gene TPP1 and fibrosis.