Activation of UPR in rabbits with RHD was evaluated by determining the stress response marker ER—C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein (GRP94), which is a protein involved in protein folding, thus the peak expression of these chaperones was determined at 24 h p.i., which occurred in parallel with the increase in Beclin-1, Atg12-Atg5-Atg16L1, and LC3 [68]. This evidence concerns the gene ATG12 and rheumatic heart disease.