Consistent with our results describing the effect of zDCs on CD8+ T cell activation, proliferation, and IFN-γ production upon short-term stimulation, the long-term co-cultures (14 days), required to activate and expand the lower frequencies of Ag-specific T cell clones, demonstrated a superior capacity of zDCs, compared to αDCs, to expand the functional populations of melanoma-specific CTLs (Figure 6). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and melanoma.