Reactive dicarbonyls, such as methylglyoxal (MG), can aggravate endothelial dysfunction by impairing Ser-1177 phosphorylation on the eNOS catalytic site, thereby inhibiting enzyme activity, and decreasing NO production [81], as well as by inducing oxidative stress and production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and endothelial dysfunction.