The 3-O-[(E)-4-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-oxobut-3-en-1-yl] kaempferol was an in vivo anti-obesity and anti-diabetes agent for which biomolecular mechanisms were defined regarding the inhibition of intracellular lipid accumulation and the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) gene expression, the induction of miR-27a/b gene expression, and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity [47]. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.