Elevated levels of the intercellular adhesion molecule type-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial and platelet adhesion molecule type-1 (PECAM-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and antibodies recognizing the NR-2 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptors (anti-NR2 antibodies) have been found in breast cancer survivors. This evidence concerns the gene PECAM1 and breast cancer.