TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is currently treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, indomethacin, ketoprofen, and meloxicam), Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (e.g., baricitinib and upadacitinib), anti-malarial drugs (e.g., hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine), TNF-α inhibitors, and glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone).