TGFB1 and neoplasm: Immune cells that surround BE and EAC, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, T-regulatory cells and Th17 cells, secrete proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-19, TNFα and TGF-β, resulting in a tumor permissive environment that promotes tumor cell survival, proliferation and metastasis [70,71,72].