NFKB1 and Epstein-Barr virus infection: We found that the PIKBα signal was markedly higher at 24 h post-infection, 24 h post-AFB1 treatment, and in the combined infected–exposed cells compared with Louckes control cells (Figure 4e), indicating that AFB1 treatment, similar to EBV infection, results in activation of NF-κB.