In a broad spectrum of malignancies, a dysregulated TGFBI expression contributes either to cancer initiation or progression, depending on the tumor type and stage: in advanced cancers, TGFBI is often overexpressed, thus acting as an oncoprotein, while during early carcinogenesis, it is usually transcriptionally silenced, consistent with a tumor suppressor function [55]. Here, TGFBI is linked to neoplasm.