Inflammatory mediators found in cigarette smoke induce growth factors through the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT-pathway, which is involved in apoptosis and proliferation, promoting tumor cell proliferation by influencing multiple downstream signaling pathways including mTOR, NF-κB and MDM2, a negative regulator of p53 [25]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.