Immunosuppression in the TME is crucial for accelerated tumor growth and disease progression and, in this regard, PAI-1 effectively modulates the immune environment in NSCLC by promoting expression of TGF-β through an IL-6-dependent pathway, as well as the TAM-associated chemo-/cytokines CCL-17, CCL-22 and IL-6 [197]. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to neoplasm.