The tumor preventive effects of crocetin on N-methyl-N nitrosourea (NMU)-induced breast cancer in rats was also examined, where the inhibitory molecular mechanism triggered alterations in Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels, caspase activation, cell cycle arrest via cyclin D1, p21, and p53 modulation and interaction with DNA sequence [160]. The gene discussed is CCND1; the disease is breast cancer.