GAL and neoplasm: We found that activated (CD3/CD28 + hIL-2 cocktail) PBMCs, primed with galanin, significantly enhanced tumor growth compared to UM-SCC-29 cells alone or UM-SCC-29 cells co-grafted with activated PBMCs (Fig. 8A, B), supporting the notion that immunomodulation by galanin favors tumor growth.