Certain PD mutants have also been shown to change LRRK2’s affinity for binding partners (such as R1441 mutants, which do not bind 14-3-3 proteins), and others have been suggested to increase LRRK2 protein levels (Nichols et al., 2010; Skibinski et al., 2014; Steger et al., 2016). Here, LRRK2 is linked to Parkinson disease.