SLC5A1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In support, the hypoglycaemic effect of MA has been also shown in mice' and rats' animal models of both T1DM and T2DM, which were attributed to multiple mechanisms including suppressing intestinal glucose absorption (i.e., downregulating SGLT1 and GLUT2 and inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase), inhibiting glycogenolysis via deactivating the glycogen phosphorylases enzymes, and improving peripheral and hepatic glucose signaling [6, 43–50].