TGFB1 and Alzheimer disease: Consistent with these results, the M2 markers (i.e., TGFβ, ARG) in the PBM-treated group were significantly elevated compared with AD groups (Cortex-TGF-β: P = 0.040; Hippocampus- TGF-β: P = 0.0025; Cortex-ARG: P = 0.0003; Hippocampus-ARG: P = 0.0095).