CD86 and Alzheimer disease: As shown in Figure 6B, AD animals displayed significantly increased levels of M1 markers (i.e., CD86, iNOS, and CD32), and PBM treatment significantly alleviated this increase (Cortex-CD86: P = 0.0017; Hippocampus-CD86: P = 0.0121; Cortex-iNOS: P = 0.0133; Hippocampus-iNOS: P = 0.0063; Cortex-CD32: P = 0.035; Hippocampus-CD32: P = 0.0001).