In pancreatic cancer, the activation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway could impair the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and led to a decrease in the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, while the selective JAK1/JAK2 kinase inhibitors (Ruxolitinib) decreased the resistance to anti-PD-1 antibodies in mice (45). Here, PDCD1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.