Several studies have also reported that neuronal disturbances in HD are accompanied by higher CNS concentrations of both GH and IGF-1, the levels of which are linked to the severity of pathology, as observed in both humans (76) and a mice model (77); on the other hand, an enhanced activation of the insulin/IGF-1 pathway produces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is Huntington disease.