- Induction of acute lung leak in rats (Koh et al., 1996) - TNF release in endotoxemia contributes to neutrophil-dependent pulmonary edema (Horgan et al., 1993) - TNF mediates experimental pulmonary edema by ICAM-1 and CD18-dependent mechanisms (Lo et al., 1992) - Induction of pulmonary edema in vivo guinea pig model (Hocking et al., 1991) - Induction of pulmonary edema in the isolated guinea pig lung (Hocking et al., 1990). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and serum lipopolysaccharide activity.