INS and diabetes mellitus: Previous studies indicated that RYR could stimulate muscarinic M3 receptors in pancreatic cells and augment insulin release to lower plasma glucose (Chen and Liu, 2006); and inhibit high glucose−induced proangiogenic cells senescence and oxidative stress, thereby decreasing the vascular complications of diabetes (Liu et al., 2017), which might partly account for the improved blood glucose parameters after RYR preparations treatment.