Consistent with previous reports42–45, our results in SSL-RNAs analysis showed that the expression of CCL17, interleukin 1β (IL1B), interleukin 13 (IL13), and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) significantly increased in patients with AD, but the expression of FLG and involucrin (IVL) was significantly decreased in the patients with AD compared to healthy subjects (Fig. 5a). The gene discussed is IVL; the disease is Alzheimer disease.