For RA synoviocytes, cytokines alone did not significantly decrease cell viability (IL-17: 97.9 ± 3.7%; TNF: 93.2 ± 11.1%; GM-CSF: 90.9 ± 14.5%, vs. 100%, Fig. 5b) nor with cytokine combination (IL-17/TNF: 92.9 ± 7.8%; IL-17/TNF/GM-CSF: 92.1 ± 6.5% vs. 100%, Fig. 5b). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.