We found significantly higher levels of autoantibodies mostly directed against 11 receptors (AGTR1, AGTR2, ADRB1, BDKRB1, MAS1, CXCR3, CHRM3, CHRM5, NRP1, F2R, STAB1) in the moderate or severe COVID-19 groups than in the healthy control and mild COVID-19 group (Fig. 2a and b). Here, F2R is linked to COVID-19.