The fact that the CIN cluster cuts across 2021 WHO grades and the fact that the CIN cluster has significantly elevated overall CNV, even in grade 2 tumors, supports the idea that CIN is present in a subset of these tumors and may be detected before histologic indicators of tumor progression or aggressive behavior are present, and suggests that CIN is present early in tumor development, representing a fundamentally altered biology compared to IDH-mutant astrocytomas without this feature. Here, IDH2 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).