CD4 and neoplasm: Elderly patients usually had a lower level of albumin and lymphocytes, which was associated with poorer nutritional status and immune function [23–26]. It was found that nutritional guidance and intervention during chemotherapy caused an increase in the CD4 + lymphocytes and alleviated the hematological and digestive toxicity [27]. Therefore, integration of nutritional supportive care into chemotherapy might be helpful to improve the tolerance of elderly patients to anti-tumor treatment, and subsequently prolong the survival.