In this review, we (1) summarize the genetic evidence for a role of GJD2(Cx36) in refractive error; (2) provide an overview about its structure, function, expression, and role in visual processing; (3) explore its conservation across species and discuss animal models which study GJD2(Cx36) in the context of myopia; (4) elaborate on the potential mechanisms by which GJD2(Cx36) might contribute to the pathogenesis of myopia; and (5) suggest future research directions. This evidence concerns the gene GJD2 and myopia.