The critical role of hepatocyte-derived EVs-encapsulated miRNA in NAFLD has also been demonstrated by Liu et al., who showed that hepatocyte-derived EVs-encapsulated miR-192-5p could activate proinflammatory macrophages and promote the progression of NAFLD by regulating the Rictor/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway 27. Here, FOXO1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.