•M2 TAMs secrete Arg‐1, NOS2, COX‐2 and more TGF‐β promote tumour growth•Tregs express TGF‐β, IL‐10 and IL‐35 and CTLA‐4 to inhibit CTLs•MDSCs express Arg‐1 and NOS2 inhibits CTLs•Increase angiogenesis may favour tumour rebound. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.