For the WES data, analyses of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and of copy number variants (CNVs) indicated that increased drug resistance is often accompanied by an increasing trend for mutations in candidate cancer genes in the Network of Cancer Genes24, such as ERBB2, IL24, E2F1, CDK1, MMP10, MMP13, etc. It was highly notable that none of these genes had SNVs or CNVs in the sensitive group; however, the variation rates for these genes ranged from 15.38 to 30.77% in the intrinsic and/or acquired resistance group (Fig. 2a). Here, E2F1 is linked to cancer.