Inflammation is a hallmark of cancer that substantially contributes to the development and progression of malignancies.41 Our results showed that SHK dramatically decreased the release of NO (Fig. 1d), and suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers such as COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner in both LoVo and RKO cells (Fig. 1e–g). This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and cancer.