PTGS2 and cancer: Firstly, we used conventional molecular pharmacological methods, which revealed that SHK could significantly inhibit the expression of inflammation-related proteins, such as COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α (Fig. 1) to reverse the malignant phenotypes of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, all of suggesting that anti-cancer activity of SHK is related with downregulating inflammatory pathways.