In contrast, A1DSSres and A2DSSres manifested increased NC ratios of 0.88 ± 0.01 and 0.88 ± 0.01, respectively, comparable to those of Ade1 and Ade2 adenoma organoids, 0.87 ± 0.01 and 0.86 ± 0.01, respectively (P < 0.0001 vs. wild-type and naive organoids each) (Supplemental Figure 7C). This evidence concerns the gene PAICS and adenoma.