TNF and pancreatic neoplasm: These results indicated that Tnfr2 KD and anti-TNFR2 antibody can decrease inhibitory of T cells by downregulating PD-L1 expression to increase the ability to kill tumor cells by Fas/FasL pathways and releasing IFN-γ, TNF-α and granzyme B. Moreover, the downregulation of TNFR2 in pancreatic cancer cells and anti-TNFR2 antibody directly inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells (onlinesupplemental figure 6A,B ,  D,E).