Notably, the numbers of PD-L1 + macrophages and CD206+ (M2-polarized) macrophages (tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)), all of which are immunosuppressive cells, were reduced significantly (figure 6F), as confirmed by flow cytometry (online supplemental figure 11I), while cluster 2 (PD-L1negCD206low) macrophages increased remarkably in the combination group compared with those in the control and single-use groups (figure 6F). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.