To further confirm that NME1 inhibition by LCFA-CoA regulates breast cancer metastasis in vivo, we studied spontaneous lung metastasis of breast cancer in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent orthotopic mouse models: 1) human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 in NSG mice and 2) mouse breast cancer cell E0771 in C57BL/6J mice. Here, NME1 is linked to breast carcinoma.