This is especially important in light of recent human data highlighting reduced birth weight and increased adiposity later in life in children born to metformin-treated GDM mothers compared to those treated with insulin (Tarry-Adkins et al. 2019), which has also been shown in follow-up studies of the offspring exposed to metformin in utero in our animal studies (Schoonejans et al. 2021). This evidence concerns the gene INS and gestational diabetes.