Additionally, the number of KIR+CD8+ T cells was markedly increased in the kidneys of patients with SLE compared with healthy kidneys (Fig. 1C) and in the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with those with osteoarthritis (OA), which is not thought to be an autoimmune disease. The gene discussed is KIR3DL1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.