Importantly, virus infection as well as core individual expression did not change the overall distribution of RanBP2 and TPR (i.e., at both the nuclear envelope and AL for RanBP2 versus exclusively at the nuclear envelope for TPR) (Fig. 6 and 7; Fig. S9), hence suggesting that HCV infection does not hijack functional or Nup98-located NPC, but rather seems to recruit Nup98 from annulate lamellae. Here, NUP98 is linked to viral infectious disease.