INS and chronic kidney disease: When comparing the group from the 1st wave (n = 39) to the group from the 2nd wave (n = 43) who needed insulin as a new treatment during their admission, people from the 2nd wave were less likely to be of Afro-Caribbean ethnicity (26% vs 52%), had a lower prevalence of chronic kidney disease (5% vs 21%), and had less retinopathy (5% vs 43%) (all p < 0.03).