Additionally, using the PLA method with an anti-E2F4 together with an anti-phosphoThr antibody demonstrated that the labeling of E2F4 in cortical neurons is associated with Thr-specific phosphorylation in AD patients at Braak stage I, and this association is maintained at Braak stage VI (Fig. 14a, c). The gene discussed is E2F4; the disease is Alzheimer disease.